Engineering high intensity discharge bulletin mercury lamps. As with fluorescent lights, hid lights require a ballast for proper lamp operation. Uv lamp technologies what are they and which one is for you. Uv spectrum for organism inactivation organisms typically respond to energy inputs, such as heat. These operated at pressures of less than 1 pa and produced a near monochromatic light spectrum around the sodium emission lines at 589. Two centuries of electric light source innovations pdf. The newer lps lamps contain less mercury than before, but this has effected performance negatively. Nyc subways were still using original mercury arc rectifiers to convert ac to dc power up until the end of the 20th century. Figure 614 shows the basic configuration of a hid lamp. Chapter low pressure discharge lamps slide incoherent light sources prof.
While heat can help an organism by facilitating growth, excessive heat loads or high temperatures can be fatal. A small amount of mercury is vaporized by this arc, causing ultraviolet emissions. A uv disinfection system consists of mercury arc lamps, a contact vessel, and ballasts. Water will destroy any moving parts or motor especially on an outboard motor. The lamp is constructed from a hollow glass tube with an aluminium cap at each end. Early inventors of the sodium lamp knew that with a higher pressure in the arc tube that better efficiency could be achieved.
High pressure mercury lamps are available in versions where the discharge takes place in vaporized mercury only and in versions in which metal halides are added so that the discharge takes place in mercury vapor and in vaporized metals from the metalhalide components 2, 3. Aug 12, 2012 nizkotlaka sodikova vybojka versus vysokotlaka rtutova vybojka low pressure sodium lamp versus high pressure mercury vapour lamp osram sox 55w 8100lm osram hql 125w 6300lm moje. Fluorescent lamps generally range in diameter from 2. The luminous efficacy of any discharge lamp falls as wattage is reduced.
A common discharge lighting luminary for use in an office environment would typically be a low pressure mercury vapour electronic discharge fluorescent lamp. The source of uv radiation is either a low or a mediumpressure mercury arc lamp with low or high intensity. An electric current in the gas excites mercury vapor, which produces shortwave ultraviolet light that then causes a phosphor coating on the inside of the lamp. Do not operate the high pressure mercury vapour lamp continuously for longer than 10 minutes. Tube shaped fluorescent lamp is termed as tube light. Rather than a cold spot, the lamp s amalgam spot on pellet regulates mercury vapor pressure during operation and yields up to three times the uvc output of a standard low pressure mercury lamp of the same length. These offer specific wavelength emission and provide wavelengths not available with the medium pressure mercury or led light sources. Uv lamps from senlights crystec technology trading gmbh. The clear mercury bulb has a bluish green appearance and the deluxe white has a higher color rendering. Oct 14, 2014 high pressure mercury lamps are available in versions where the discharge takes place in vaporized mercury only and in versions in which metal halides are added so that the discharge takes place in mercury vapor and in vaporized metals from the metalhalide components 2, 3. Mechanism experiments indicate that the 185 nm emission from the lamp photodissociates molecular oxygen inducing radical reactions. The materials used to build a tube light are given below. As the arc temperature rises, mercury in the lamp converts to a gaseous vapor state. A wide variety of high pressure mercury lamp options are available to you, such as 220v, 380v.
Guide to recycling mercurycontaining lamps environment and. The mercury lamp was the first kind of metal vapour light source that was. A common discharge lighting luminary for use in an office environment would typically be a lowpressure mercury vapour electronic discharge fluorescent lamp. These lamps ma type are manufactured in 250 and 400 w ratings for use on 200250 v ac supply. Lamp output in the uv range depends on the amount of mercury and vapor pressure of mercury in the lamp. This lamp consists of a quartz arc tube sealed within an outer glass jacket or bulb. The uv source in low pressure mercury lamps and amalgam lamps that are commonly used for disinfection is a low pressure arcdischarge in mercury and inert gas vapors. Lowpressure amalgam lamps amalgam lamps use a mercury amalgam mix to control mercury vapor pressure. Standard low pressure, low intensity lamps typically have a power of 65 watts. Depending of your expecific experiment you can use one of the lamps. The lamps can be fitted with various types of end fitting from our catalogue, or equipped with customer special fittings, cables or pins.
Low pressure mercury lamp in addition to the medium pressure mercury and led light sources, vapourtec also offer three low pressure mercury lamps. In a perfect world, we want to use 100 % fuel with no ethanol. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the mercury. These high intensity uv line sources are specifically designed for pcb.
About 3% of these are ultraviolet lamps, 8% are mercury lamps. Ultraviolet lamps ultraviolet heating helios quartz. It is used for water treatments, uvozone cleaning andor ozone generation. The arc discharge is generally confined to a small fused quartz arc tube mounted within a larger borosilicate glass bulb. A sodiumvapor lamp is a gasdischarge lamp that uses sodium in an excited state to produce light at a characteristic wavelength near 589 nm two varieties of such lamps exist. A low pressure mercury discharge lamp with a very good color rendering and with a color point x l, y i on or close to the planckian locus, includes a gastight, radiationtransmitting envelope which contains mercury and rare gas, and a luminescent layer including a first luminescent material activated by bivalent europium and having an emission band whose maximum lies between 470 nm and 500. Softglass lamps are one of our quality low pressure mercury lamp products. At least one manufacturer uses them for a series of krypton arc lamps. Designed by experienced engineers, and by using quality material in combination with a tightly controlled manufacturing process, we provide high quality lamps free of impurities to maintain strong and stable output throughout life of the lamp. This article discusses the construction and working principle of low pressure mercury fluorescent lamps also known as tube lights. When heated up the metal would vaporize and the lamp would glow yellow.
Mercury vapour pressure is typically around ten atmospheres. Low pressure signifies the pressure of the mercury in the lamp, which is typically. However, the first low pressure lamps were sold commercially in the united states in 1901 after john cooper hewitt innovated the lamp s color spectrum from bluegreen to white. Mercury vapor lamps are widely used to light both indoor and outdoor areas such as gymnasiums, factories, department stores, banks, highways, parks, and sports fields. Hach replacement uv for toc analyzers, arc imaging, chromatography, photochemistry, calibration of uv detectors, calibrations of spectrophotometer, and more.
The lamps are recyclable unless the lamp is broken. These types of lamps are available in ozone producing and ozonefree quartz, with a variety of phosphors. The electric current excites the mercury vapor in the tube, generating radiant energy, primarily in the ultraviolet uv range. Investigating the spectrum of a high pressure mercury lamp. Now, our more efficient low pressure uv lamps although more efficient, run on around the same power as a regular light bulb around 20 100w making their useful uvc output for a 40w lamp around 24w, a difference of 976w between the w from the medium pressure lamp and this one. This lamp is based on a standard close to the global standard for low pressure mercury lamps made in europe and the united states. A low pressure mercury vapor lamp has a characteristic emission line at 253 nm. A mercury vapor lamp is a gasdischarge lamp that produces light via an electric arc through vaporized mercury. If you are interested in purchasing low pressure and amalgam lamps why not take a look at our uv web shop. A fluorescent lamp tube is filled with a gas containing low pressure mercury vapor and argon, xenon, neon, or krypton. These are the normal high pressure mercury lamps, the blended light lamps and the metal halide.
Again transition of the electrons requires least amount of input energy from a colliding electron. They produce light when an electric current passes between two electrodes also called cathodes in a tube filled with low pressure mercury vapor and inert gases. The average life of tube lights is about 5000 hours and also they are very cheap, hence they are very popular. Germicidal uv lamps standard low pressure lamps from. For more information on how to recycle whole or unbroken fluorescent and other mercury containing lamps, see. Introduction this lesson deals with high pressure discharge lamps in which mercury vapour is included in the discharge tube. The mercury lamp was the first kind of metal vapour light source that was mass produced for general lighting applications, and still today it remains one of the most popular discharge lamps produced globally. The low pressure sodium arc discharge lamp was first made practical around 1920 owing to the development of a type of glass that could resist the corrosive effects of sodium vapor. Definition of a plasma mixture of electrons, ions and neutral particles in different excited states and with strong.
These lamps have an operating lifetime of up to 12,000 hours and convert up to 40% of the lamp s electrical power into uvc, offering an efficient and cost. However, mercury vapor is harmful in any form, so if the lamp is broken or ruptures during use and any mercury vapor is inhaled, consult a physician immediately. The lamps come in both standard and high output selections and are ozone free. Find high pressure mercury uv lamps related suppliers, manufacturers, products and specifications on globalspec a trusted source of high pressure mercury uv lamps information. China high pressure mercury lamp manufacturers select 2020 high quality high pressure mercury lamp products in best price from certified chinese lamp manufacturers, pressure control switch suppliers, wholesalers and factory on. Depending on the materials used, mercury low pressure uv lamps can be divided into two large families. Hps lamps were developed in 1968 as energyefficient sources. Mercury vapor lamps feature low initial cost, but have higher operating costs than hps or metal halide due to its lower efficiency. In these lamps, a material, such as sodium, mercury, or metal halide, is added to the arc tube. Since the light emitted by a mercury vapor light has a blue tone, this needs to be accounted for, or color. Dec 31, 2018 in case of fluorescent lamp the mercury vapour pressure is maintained at lower level such that 60% of the total input energy gets converted into 253. Mercury use in lighting this fact sheet summarizes the use of mercury in lighting devices, such as fluorescent lamps, high intensity discharge hid lamps e.
In addition, uv mercury lamp is further subsegmented into low pressure mercury lamp, medium pressure uv lamp and amalgam mercury lamp. The analysis of modern low pressure amalgam characteristics. Online chemical waste collection request or a chemical collection request form pdf. The first practical mercury lamp was the cooperhewitt lamp developed by peter cooper hewitt in 1901. The discharge tube may be linear sli lamp 2 or ushaped. Super high pressure mercury lamps jelight company, inc. Medium pressure lamps produce the greatest uv output per unit length of lamp, of the three lamp types. As the main arc strikes and the gas heats up and increases in pressure, the light shifts into the visible range and the high gas pressure causes. Ushio germicidal lamps are low pressure mercury arc lamps that emit radiation peaking at 253. The optimum wavelength to effectively inactivate microorganisms is in the range of 250 to 270 nm.
The mercury used in these lamps is an inorganic mercury compound. Fluorescent lamps tubes and compacts contain low pressure mercury vapor gas. Atmospheric pressure radical induced oxidative cleavage of. They are available in lengths from the very small of 150 mm to up to 2400mm. Mercury vapor lamps contain an arc that goes through. Mercury vapor technology was developed throughout the 1800s in england and germany. The efficiency of hid sources varies widely from mercury vapor with an efficiency almost as low as. However in the americas and asian countries its low system cost, long life and. Low pressure amalgam lamps amalgam lamps use a mercury amalgam mix to control mercury vapor pressure. Low pressure mercury lamps have been manufactured in jelight company inc.
In europe it has fallen out of fashion due to its relative. Mercury reduced fluorescent lamps can have a green band or writing at the ends. It is hypothesized that oh or o cleaves the disulfide bond creating a thiol and sulfinyl radical. The inner arc tube is made of quartz to withstand the high temperatures, resulting when the lamp builds up to normal wattage. The inner surface of the lamp is coated with a fluorescent and often slightly phosphorescent coating made of varying blends of metallic and rareearth.
Conventional low pressure and amalgam lamps are significantly more energy efficient than medium pressure lamps. In 1935 the modern, high pressure mercury vapor lamp was developed, which works by electrifying solid mercury, which. The limitation and disadvantage of lamps using ribbon seals is the low peak and rms currents that can be passed through the thin molybdenum ribbons used in the seals, effectively precluding them from being used. A fluorescent lamp is a low weight mercury vapour lamp that uses fluorescence to deliver visible light. The extreme high color temperature of the snow white range creates very cool ambiances, making the lamp especially suitable in very hot and dry climate conditions. These early low pressure lamps used a lot of mercury, todays lamps use a tiny amount of mercury. Each lamp can have an average of 5,000 to 6,000 hours of effective life span depending to the lamp s wattage and the conditions at which is used. Chapter low pressure discharge lamps slide 7 incoherent light sources prof. Heraeus noblelight offers a broad range of germicidal uv lamps that are manufactured from high quality quartz glass.
An electric current in the gas energizes mercury vapor which delivers ultraviolet radiation through discharge process and the ultraviolet radiation causes the phosphor coating of the lamp inner wall to radiate visible light. Helios quartz uv lamps are suitable for many applications, even the most complex. The average life of tube lights is about 5000 hours and also. Low pressure sodium lamps are highly efficient electrical light sources, but their yellow light restricts applications to outdoor lighting, such as street lamps, where they are widely used. They differ only in the source of mercury vapor mercury lamps use a small amount of liquid metallic mercury, while amalgam lamps. Figure 1 illustrates the construction of a typical modern high pressure mercury lamp. Because mercury lamps are so prevalent in current outdoor lighting, and still safe when properly installed in a serviceable fixture, the need for these products will. Low pressure mercuryarc ushio germicidal lamps are lowpressure mercuryarc lamps that emit radiation peaking at 253. I hope that it will clear up some things for the thinking people. Medium pressure lamps are generally used for large facilities. The low pressure mercury fluorescent lamps are commonly called as tube lights. Medium pressure lamps produce the greatest uv output per unit length of lamp of the 3 lamp types. The mercury vapour lamp in construction is similar to sodium vapour lamp. Rather than a cold spot, the lamps amalgam spot on pellet regulates mercury vapor pressure during operation and yields up to three times the uvc output of a standard low pressure mercury lamp of the same length.
However, the japanese specifications supercede the western ones in performances. However, regardless of other factors it is safe to say that there is a certain optimal pressure for each lamp. When a mercury vapor lamp is first turned on, it will produce a dark blue glow because only a small amount of the mercury is ionized and the gas pressure in the arc tube is very low, so much of the light is produced in the ultraviolet mercury bands. Best applications for mercury vapor lamps eye lighting. In gas discharge lamps, light is generated primarily by an electrically excited plasma. Mercury vapor conducts electricity, completing the circuit. Low pressure uv lamps alphacure uv lamp manufacturer. In addition to the mercury, the tube is filled with argon gas at low pressure. Often called germicidal or ozone absorption lamps, they are very stable light sources. A wide variety of 300w high pressure mercury lamp options are available to you, such as voltage. Mercury vapor lamps have found the greatest use in industrial applications and outdoor lighting, because of their low cost and long life, and lamp sizes of up to 1,000 watts. The majority contain from greater than 5 mg to 50 mg of mercury.
Investigating the spectrum of a high pressure mercury lamp experiment objectives observe spectral lines on a screen determine wavelength using the littrow configuration investigate and measure differences in wavelength between lines that are close together observe pressure broadening 308 principles. High pressure sodium lamps hps are a highly efficient light source, but tend to look yellow and provide poor color rendition. Helios quartz uv lamps are the result of a long and solid experience in the market. High pressure mercury vapor lamp definition lamp that produces light as a result of an electrical discharge, generated between two electrodes, in a high pressure mercury vapor that is contained in a transparent bulb. In low pressure mercury vapor lamps, only the lines at 184 and 253 nanometers nm are present. Mercury vapor pressure does the mercury vapor pressure affect uv output in amalgam lamps. Tube light is a lamp that works on low pressure mercury vapor discharge phenomenon and converts ultra violate ray into visible ray with the help of phosphor coated inside glass tube material used inside the tube light. Do not touch the body of the lamp after switching on. It gives greenish blue colour light, which causes colour distortion. Advantages and applications of mercury vapor lamps eye. Low pressure sodium lamps are one of the most efficacious light sources. Ogermicidal lamps operate at a very low gas pressure. Ultra violet uv lamps market global industry analysis. Our production facility is designed to meet specific customer requirements to produce customized oneoff lamps, as well as achieve consistent quality in mass production.
The reason for the creation of this second category of mercury lamp was to allow the efficacy to be maintained as high as possible for low wattage sources. Medium pressure mercury arc ushio produces standard and custom uv emitters. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the mercury lamp, sodium vapour lamp and xenon lamp used in photocatalysis. During operation the body of the lamp will get hot so that there is a risk of getting burned. Helios usually chooses quartz glass for the production of low pressure uv lamps because it ensures very high levels of uv transmission equal to or higher than 90%. Jelight company also produces super high pressure mercury lamps or short arc lamps. Low pressure mercury lamp learn what goes into ours.
Within the tube are two electrode coils, one at either end. Low pressure sodium lamps were invented first in 1920 by arthur h. A mercuryvapor lamp is a gas discharge lamp that uses an electric arc through vaporized. At jelight company, we also manufacture low pressure mercury grid lamps. Low pressure sodium lps lamps have a borosilicate glass gas discharge tube arc tube containing solid sodium, a small amount of neon, and argon gas in a penning mixture to start the gas discharge. All highintensitydischarge lamps produce light from an arc tube that is usually contained in an outer glass bulb. However, the first low pressure lamps were sold commercially in the united states in 1901 after john cooper hewitt innovated the lamps color spectrum from bluegreen to white.
I believe it is important information, so please read it. If you are doing a capital project, see the fluorescent lamps recycling web page. Mercury vapor lamps benefits, health hazards and pollution. They are available in lengths from the very small at 150 mm to up to 2400 mm. Even though more cleaning may be required for medium and amalgam lamp based systems, due to the reduced number of. Gas filling coating 4 electrode 2 ballast or control gear 1 glass 3 gas filling 5. Pdf on mercury vapor lamps and their effect on the smartgrid plc. Low pressure mercury fluorescent lamps or tube lights. These lamps have an operating lifetime of up to 12,000 hours and convert up to 40% of the lamps electrical power into uvc, offering an efficient and costeffective alternative to medium pressure mercury lamps for disinfection systems. A fluorescent lamp, or fluorescent tube, is a low pressure mercury vapor gasdischarge lamp that uses fluorescence to produce visible light. China high pressure mercury lamp, high pressure mercury lamp. Yes, it surely does the pressure determines the number of excited mercury atoms and thus determines uv output. A thin coating of phosphor or a blend of phosphors on the inside of the bulb wall is excited by the mercurys uv. The snow white is a low pressure mercury discharge lamp with a tubular 26 mm envelope, available in 18 w, 36 w and 58 w.
Mercury vapor lamps consist of an inner arc discharge tube constructed of quartz surrounded by an outer hard borosilicate glass envelope. Germicidal uv lamps standard low pressure lamps from heraeus noblelight with highenergy uv light contaminated water, air and surfaces can be disinfected and cleaned safely. The first lamp was a round bulb with two electrodes on each side. Right around 1900 the mercury arc rectifier was developed, this luminous device was very important for power conversion. Fluorescent lamp and working principle of fluorescent lamp. Of these subsegments, amalgam mercury lamp accounted for over 40% of the total uv mercury lamp segment revenue and is anticipated to remain dominant during the forecast period. Mercury vapor lamps feature low initial cost, but have higher operating costs than hps or metal halide due to its lower. This was a tubular source about 4 feet long which produced light that was distinctly bluishgreen in color at a high efficacy compared with the incandescent lamps of those days. It includes information on the total amount of mercury in all lamp products that were sold in the u. They have a germicidal efficiency of 30% and can operate on lower current between 180 and 425ma.
Advanced technology, careful selection of materials and maximum reliability. New high power amalgam lamps are significantly more powerful than low pressure lamps. When low pressure lp lamps receive the proper voltage and current from the ballast, an arc is struck from one end of the lamp to the other. It also needs to be underlined that mercury is not the only evil in the mercury filled lamps, but other chemicals present in the bulbs have the potential to cause sufficient damage to health. Pdf 185 nm radiation measurement of high output low pressure. Philips medium pressure mercury lamps are available in a wide range of up to 180 w per centimeter, with an arc length between 10 and 140 centimeter. Clear mercury lamps produce white light with a bluishgreen tint due to the chemicals used within the arc tube, which is mostly mercury. After the experiment, leave the high pressure mercury vapour lamp to cool. Super high pressure mercury capillary flash lamps are used in a variety of applications due to the fact that they provide a high intensity source of both visible and ultraviolet radiation. Low pressure and high pressure sodium vapour lamp gktoday. Mercury use in lighting summarizes the use of mercury in lighting devices. Because of this, mercury lamps are not suited to render human skin color well, so such lamps are typically not used in retail stores, schools, hospitals and other similar commercial applications.
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